Online Gaming And Its Impact On Social Psychology

Through the formation and participation of major professional online game competitions to more leisure forms of gaming entertainment such as popular YouTube channels, online gaming is continually growing from a form of hobby and quickly becoming a mainstream form of lifestyle. The idea of friendships initiating solely online, and growing into complex relationships that readily provide and accept social support, has become a vibrant social experience. Video game genres such as MMO’s (Massively Multiplayer Online), which could be subcategorized into genre’s such as MMORPGs (MMO Role Playing Games) or MOBAs (Massive Online Battle Areas), aggressively inspire interaction and communication between gamers. Popular MMORPG’s such as World of Warcraft offer involving storytelling and large scale boss fights that require large amounts of teamwork and cooperation to succeed. These features strongly motivate communication and collaboration, which in turn possibly begin the development of acquaintanceship between players. The aspects of online relationships have only just begun to develop as a field of study in social psychology. More extreme aspects of online interaction and conduct have been studied in the past. Topics range from cyber bullying (Thacker, 2012), to online romances (Huyhn, 2013), even sexual and gender identity (Martey, 2014). The topic suggested here is more concentrated on social and emotional support, more precisely: Does the anonymity of being online allow peopleShow MoreRelatedExploring The Potential For Addiction1543 Words   |  7 PagesOn-line gaming has grown a great deal in the last decade, connecting players in countries around the world. World of Warcraft is perhaps the best-known massively multiplayer online roleplaying game (MMORPG). These games are incredibly immersive and generally have no real ending, with players able to continue the game indefinitely via expansions and new content being added. A pilot study by Hussain and Griffiths (2009) set out to explore the potential for addiction to an MMORPG, within its psychologicalRead MoreVirtual Reality and the Gaming Industry1363 Words   |  6 PagesVII. Impact on individuals Teenagers Virtual reality gives huge benefits in education and helps to improve student engagement. It’s one of the best ways to engage and helps the students to understand the subject through virtual reality system. Especially in the virtual reality game will bring significant impact to teenagers. The major three types of impact are social difficulty (socially impaired), physical and psychological difficulty. Even virtual reality is a great tool to learn, but it isRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Our Lives1355 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough relaxing fun and addicting, do they damage the brain, affect your temper, or even damage your nerves effecting your ability to see or exercise? Many people have differing opinions on this subject. I personally think that video games can greatly impact your lives in a positive manner, but they can also destroy your lives. Videogames altering your intelligence making you less sophisticated, or time consuming making people over weight? The advant age of playing video games can be proven in its abilityRead MoreThe Effects Of Playing Video Games On Adolescents1554 Words   |  7 Pagesadolescence might only have negative impacts on adolescents. Playing video games is considered one of the top obstacles to academic performance and maintaining attention spans. Although these facts are partially true, there are positive effects of playing video games in some ways such as entertainment, development of social interaction and movement skills. This essay will cover the positive and negative effects of playing video games on adolescents’ physical, psychological/social aspects. In these divisionsRead MoreAre Video Games Changing Us?1388 Words   |  6 Pagesvideo games were intentionally created for entertainment purposes, through studies and experiments it has been established that they are factors of behavior problems because of the active interaction people demonstrate while playing video games. Gaming supporters have made claims about the benefits of video games. It has been said that video games are used for therapeutic and educational purposes (Nakaya). It has been suggested that video games require discipline, problem solving and decision makingRead MoreNegative Impact Of Video Games On Children1278 Words   |  6 PagesNegative Impact Of Video Games When you look around these days, kids as young as five years old are holding their portable devices as their eyes are glued to their screens and their minds clueless about their surroundings. Increasing violence and contents of the video games have a huge impact on our generation of young children mentally and physically. When I was growing up, video games used to be a source connecting people around the world with their mutual love of fun filled games. However, overRead Moreeffects of technology on children1279 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing epidemic of childhood obesity. Children no longer go out and entertain themselves with physical activities, like riding bicycles, playing outdoors with friends and sports. They are now leading more sedentary lives watching television, playing gaming systems, texting on phones or socializing on the internet. In fact, â€Å"the reported screen time varied greatly by age, however, ranging from 2 to 3 hours per day for ages 2 to 7, to nearly 6 ho urs per day for ages 8 to 13†. (Subrahmanyam, Kraut, GreenfieldRead MoreThe Effects Of Gambling Addiction On The Age1399 Words   |  6 Pagesis an addiction rooted in the brain, just like a drug or alcohol addiction. As this generation has been brought up with the new and upcoming technology, many young people have started some form of gambling. Whether it is betting on a sports game, online shopping or even buying a scratchy ticket, they have gambled money away. This leads us to the biggest question. How can we minimize this? Intervention aims Like an alcohol or drug addiction, pathological gambling is a long-term disorder that tendsRead MoreIs video gaming a force for psychological good or psychological harm?1000 Words   |  4 PagesIs video gaming a force for psychological good or psychological harm? Is video gaming a force for psychological good or for psychological harm? This is one of the issues discussed in the last thirty years. A lot of people, especially parents, would say gaming is harmful on a child’s psychology. Those people would say that video games make children aggressive; they are frustrating and highly addictive. The concerns are not only about children, they go for teenagers and young adults as well. SomethingRead MoreEffects of Video Games on Teenage Life1442 Words   |  6 Pagesviolent video games leads to violent or aggressive behavior in youth. There is a lot of conflicting evidence about the relationship between video games and teenage behavior. However, the general consensus seems to be that video games can have a negative impact on teenage behavior and mental health. Playing video games is linked to depression, anxiety, antisocial behavior, and aggression among teenagers. One of the richest areas of research is in the realm of the relationship between playing violent video

Essay about John Searles Chinese Room Argument - 2000 Words

John Searles Chinese Room Argument The purpose of this paper is to present John Searle’s Chinese room argument in which it challenges the notions of the computational paradigm, specifically the ability of intentionality. Then I will outline two of the commentaries following, the first by Bruce Bridgeman, which is in opposition to Searle and uses the super robot to exemplify his point. Then I will discuss John Eccles’ response, which entails a general agreement with Searle with a few objections to definitions and comparisons. My own argument will take a minimalist computational approach delineating understanding and its importance to the concepts of the computational paradigm. Searles argument delineates what he believes to be†¦show more content†¦Understanding the notion of the Chinese room requires a bit of an explanation. Imagine you are solely an English speaking person in a room by yourself, armed with a pencil, and the only things on the walls are a series of instructions and rules. Th ere is a door in the room, and on the other side is a Chinese speaking person. This Chinese speaker is able to slide cards under the door upon which are written Chinese symbols and sentences. The instructions written on the walls allow you to respond appropriately to each symbol, well enough so that the Chinese speaker is fooled into thinking you have a formidable grasp of Chinese. Now imagine that instead of a Chinese speaker outside the room, there is an English speaker, and the same things are written. You would still respond appropriately, convincing the other that you are a native English speaker, which of course, you are. Searle feels that the two positions are unique in that, in the first instance, you are manipulating uninterpreted formal symbols, simply an instantiation of a computer program. In the second instance, you actually understand the English being given to you. In response to the first claim of the computationalists, Searle states, although you respond appr opriately, in no way do you understand the Chinese that you are being given and responding with. As far as the second condition, he counterclaims that the computer is simply functioning and thereShow MoreRelatedMinds, Brains, and Science by John R. Searle1815 Words   |  7 Pagesexplored by John R. Searle, in his book titled, Minds, Brains, and Science. The author is a renowned American philosopher, particularly in the philosophy of language and mind, and is currently teaching at the University of California, in Berkeley (â€Å"John R. Searle,† 2014). Searle earned his Ph.D. in philosophy at Oxford, and has made several contributions to his field on topics, such as consciousness, artificial intelligence, and the problem of free will (â€Å"John R. Searle,† 2014). His â€Å"Chinese Room† experimentRead MoreChinese Room Scenario by John R. Searle Essay531 Words   |  3 PagesChinese Room Scenario by John R. Searle Through the use of his famous Chinese room scenario, John R. Searle tries to prove there is no way artificial intelligence can exist. This means that machines do not posses minds. The debate between those who are in favor of strong and weak artificial intelligence (AI) is directly related to the philosophy of mind. The claim of weak AI is that it is possible to run a program on a machine, which will behave as if it were a thinking thing. BelieversRead MoreComputing Machinery And Intelligence By Alan Turing1469 Words   |  6 Pagescaptures the nature of machines’ capacity for thought or consciousness, such as John Searle. In his Chinese room thought experiment, Searle outlines a scenario that implies machines’ apparent replication of human cognition does not yield conscious understanding. While Searle’s Chinese thought experiment demonstrates how a Turing test is not sufficient to establish that a machine can possess consciousness or thought, this argument does not prove that machines are absolutely incapable of consciousness orRead MoreThe Chinese Room Argument1272 Words   |  6 PagesWhile proponents of strong AI believe that machine s are capable of imitating human consciousness so well that it might be perceived as actually obtaining consciousness, others such as John Searle believe otherwise. Another logical stance on the question is accepting that machines are able to behave as though it has a conscious mind physically, but also arguing that machines will never be able to possess this consciousness as though a human would. This second type of viewpoint is considered Weak ArtificialRead MoreEssay on Artificial Intelligence1561 Words   |  7 Pagesuncertain. After all, what does it mean to think? On the other hand, that is not a very satisfying answer. However, with his paper: Minds, brains and programs published in 1980, John Searle has had a huge impact on the artificial intelligence issue worldwide. This essay will focus on Searles idea that computers are incapable of being conscious, and then analyse whether Searle is right in terms of his three main efforts: a critique of computationalism and strong ArtificialRead MoreQuestions On The Chinese Room1839 Words   |  8 PagesBrains, and Programs John Searle objects to Computational Theory of Mind (CTM), particularly that running a program on a computer and manipulating symbols does not mean that the computer has understanding, or more generally a mind. In this paper I will first explain Searle’s Chinese Room, then I will explain CTM and how it relates to the Chinese Room. Following this I will describe how the Chinese Room attacks the CTM. Next I will explain the Systems Reply to the Chinese Room and how the SystemsRead MoreAnalytic Functionalism As A Philosophy Of The Mind1247 Words   |  5 Pagesways to describe and characterize the mind. I will contend my point by first explaining the evolution into functionalism, specifically analytic functionalism. I will then explain one of the most prominent objections, the â€Å"Chinese Room† argument by John Searle. Beyond this argument , I will offer my rebuttals for these assertions and stipulate reasoning for analytical functionalism’s rational reliability as a suitable philosophy of the mind. With the decline of behaviorism, the identity theory, or typeRead MoreArtificial Intelligence. Essay1959 Words   |  8 Pagesdebate, with one camp of people including John R. Searle emphatically denying the plausibility of Artificial Intelligence. On the other side of the debate, individuals such as Paul and Patricia Churchland have declared that although a serial machine with a program might not be able to think, Artificial Intelligence might be feasible in parallel processing computers. In â€Å" Is the Brain’s Mind a Computer Program, â€Å" John R. Searle presents an interesting argument against strong artificial intelligence proponentsRead MoreSummary Of Minds, Brains And Programs 1763 Words   |  8 PagesIn â€Å"Minds, Brains And Programs.† John Searle responds to the question, â€Å"Could a machine think?† by stating that only a â€Å"machine could think† we as human produce thinking, therefore we are indeed thinking machines. However, he re jects the idea of digital computers having the ability to produce any thinking or intelligence. In this paper, I will summarize and analyze Searle’s claims with supporting examples from his famous ‘Chinese Room Argument’ relating it to Alan Turing’s example of artificial intelligenceRead MoreComputers Can Not Have Minds1490 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Turing Machine in order to prove, through the use of an imitation game, that computers can think. John Searle argued that the Turing Test is simply just imitating, rather than thinking. Based on Searle’s argument against the Turing Test, I think that computers cannot have minds. Although Turing argues that computers can think, there are many arguments, such as Searle’s Chinese room argument, and defenses that I will present that support Searle and his belief that computers do not understand the

Drama Evaluation Free Essays

I think, although there were still a few mistakes, that my groups’ (made up of; Liegha, Charlotte, Max, Robert, Katie, Claire and myself) performance went quite well. Rehersals at the beginning of this term were horrible, with group arguing and not listening to eachother, but after a few weeks we began to pick it up with better communicational skills and having different people in charge (director) really helped with decision making and getting everyone to listen to different ideas.MY personal rehersals worked really well, I managed to learn most of my lines within a few weeks, which gave me more time to practise my staging positions and interaction with the other characters on stage, although I don’t feel this showed in my perfomance. We will write a custom essay sample on Drama Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now My weakest scene would have been the ‘Lancelot and Guineverre’ scene, where Max and I were lead characters. I think due to the fact that all eyes were on us, as we were very close together, gave me slight ‘stage-frieght’ as my movement was quite stiff, unlike in rehersals.I forgot most of the stage directions we, as a group, decided to use, to make the scene more ‘slap-stick comemdy’ for the year 6’s. Although I feel my vocal skills were my strongest skills for the scene; I sounded more like a queen/princess then a normal teenager, I articulated so that audience members could understand me, and I think I projected my voice quite loudly. Our ‘Booties’ scene came over quite effectively, with everyone looking realistly hypnotized.Katie, our Leader, came off really strong and wise and Claire, our McConnamal, came off really well in the fact that she was trying to trick poor Liegha, Someone, into handing over all her money. All t he Booties remember their lines, on time, so we were close to ‘in sync’ with eachover, which made the hypnotizism even more believeable. I think since the performance we have improved this scene, in the fact that we’ve got alot of energy for our new song ‘Money, Money, Money’ which could engage the audience with them swaying and enjoying the music.All in all, I think that our performance went great, not perfect, but really, really well. As a group I feel we communicated well, engaged the audience in a few scenes, and mangaged to make as few mistakes as posseible. As an indivual actor, I feel I can make alot of improvements to my serperate parts and to the whole group together, and to be honest it was alot of fun. CaraMay x How to cite Drama Evaluation, Papers

Crisis and Disaster Management Build Back Better

Question: Discuss about the case study Crisis and Disaster Management for Build Back Better. Answer: Introduction to BBB The Build Back Better policy is one of the most important as well as useful aspect for an organization in order to improve their business and profits. The motto of Build Back Better was accepted more officially when the BBB guidelines were created in the year of 2006 by Clinton. The guidelines were created after the mishap of South Asian tsunami in the year of 2004 occurred. The main purpose of this policy or strategy is to secure the organization from threats such as the environment, production and many others. Clinton used the Key Propositions for BBB as the primary authorized document over the subject. In context of reconstruction as well as recovery, the concept of BBB is the accepted standard for conducting the procedure. Some of the examples are mentioned below to make it clear that how integral the BBB policy is: United Nations Disaster Relief Organization(UNDRO) has a guideline of Principles for Settlement and Shelter. Reconstruction strategy, as well as Post Tsunami Recovery measures undertaken by the government of Sri Lanka, is an example of implementations of Build Back Better. To rebuild the future planet, free from problems that current generations suffer from, Federal Emergency Management Agencys operational framework can be used. Mondays Holistic Recovery Framework is an ideal framework providing implementation and strategic details of Build Back Better policy. Recovery and Reconstruction Framework of Victorian Bushfire Recovery and Reconstruction Authority provide specific details on real time integration of BBB strategies. Christchurch Earthquake Recovery Authoritys Response and Repair strategies are direct measures that embark on the strategy of BBB. The concept of creating the better framework for BBB policy, we evaluate and discuss the situation thorough case studies of multinational dimensions. Figure 2 illustrates the concept of BBB. The central concepts mentioned in the BBB framework, are of the recovery of the community, risk management, and reduction, after the occurrence of a major disaster. One important aspect of Build Back Better policy is focuses on proper implantation of the strategy. As figure 1 show, the restoration of the community is further subdivided into social and economic recoverable strategies. Community support and involvement are the primary focus for Social recovery which is illustrated as on Table 1. The act of Encouragement, education, and engagement of communities are the primary equipment and tools proposed to help communities to deal with overcoming the trauma of environmental disasters. Greater Christchurch Earthquake(2010-2011) In 2010 and 2011, two major earthquakes struck Christchurch. The first referred to as The Darfield Quake, struck the suburb of Darfield with a magnitude of 7.1 on the Richter scale. The earthquake occurred on the 4th September, 2010 with a considerable aftershock of magnitude 6.3 again on the 22nd of February the same year. The reports of Liquefaction became more extensive in the eastern parts of the city. The reports intensified after the occurrence of the second earthquake, which had affected huge parts of residential areas (Scott 2003). The estimated losses were in the range of 40 billion New Zealand Dollars which is approximately around 19 percent of New Zealands total GDP. Almost three fourth of all households in the area were destroyed beyond recognition. The major infrastructural buildings like healthcare, financial, educational, and historical buildings also bore the full brunt of the impact of the quake. In the central business district, nearly forty-seven percent of the bui ldings were declared unsafe and unfit. Nearly 627 buildings were earmarked for Demolition and finally destroyed. The authorities estimated the repairing and refurbishment costs of residences to be around NZ $13 billion. The disintegration of the Canterbury TV building and Pyne Gould Corp. building raised the death toll by 115 and 18 persons respectively. 28 people were reported to be killed in the central city alone. Eight people in a public bus were killed. The total death toll rose to 128 persons with several persons missing. The district of Waimakariri, in Christchurch, along with eastern suburb of the city, was in ruins after the Earthquakes. The eventual aftershocks caused the effects of liquefaction to be intensified. Liquefaction spread laterally in the adjoining areas. Nearly twelve hundred houses in Pines Beach were badly damaged. The authorities had earmarked almost 1048 houses for demolition. Some areas were permanently marked to be unsafe for rebuilding (Koh 2012). The earthquake had disrupted the normal flow of life. The damaged infrastructural facilities of the town took the entire systems down and prevented quick response from authorities. Many small and large business houses suffered huge losses to their businesses as there was shortage of raw materials. The infrastructure of the town including a total of 16 km of roads, 16 bridge approaches, and two walkway footbridges were badly damaged beyond repair. The damaged roads prevented goods trucks from plying on the roads and the retail chain su ffered. The potable water supply systems of Waimakariri was gravely disturbed and damaged. The damage amounted to a loss of 12 km of mainline water supply, ten kilometers of storm water drainage and three major water pumping stations (Twort, Ratnayaka and Brandt 2006). The damage also included 18 km of sewage gravity separators, and a total of 15 sewer pipe systems (Control monitoring range launched for use with pumping stations 2003). The creation of the regulatory body CERA was a result of the vastness in the scale of the disaster. CERA was ultimately given the task of managing Recovery and repairing activities in the Greater Christchurch areas. CERA was tasked with reporting to the Central New Zealand Government (Singh 2008). By the time of 31st March 2016, The Earthquake Commission had repaired 67,468 residential house repairs. The community buildings and historic architectures were greatly affected by the aftershocks. Brick and mortar masonry buildings suffered chimney collapses while residences with timber wood frames stayed upright. The falling of rocks and ground liquefaction resulted in limited land use over potentially dangerous lands in the greater Christchurch areas. Rebuild Framework The BBB framework dedicates its efforts to regenerate the economy of the disaster affected communities (Jones 2005). They do this by providing business support, commercial support to rebuild the local economy of the affected regions (Momani, 2011). The recovery principles regarding the Christchurch earthquake The Christchurch Earthquake Recovery principles contain the fact of guidance for the recovery of Canterbury. The strategic partners and community were developed in consultation to recover from the problems (Wilson 2004). It also provides the direction, confidence, and coordination in the case of the recovery effort (Tracy 2014). The Recovery Strategy has provided the government and the stakeholders with credible blue prints where the development plan is integrate the natural environment, economic recovery, cultural recovery. The Recovery Strategy has integrated the leadership and quality deliverance of the projects in a time bound manner (Phillips and Freeman 2010). The CERA Recovery Strategy aims to restore Christchurch to its former glory. The framework by CERA is very crucial for providing the future generations with an ideal disaster proof foundation. It places the prime focus on community recovery. It diverts its attentions to identify the company risks, environmental hazards, l and zoning and lastly housing problems (Mortensen 1998). The recovery report can be divided into three components by CERA. The first stage comprises repair and formulation of the entire action plan. To rebuild, replace as well as reconstruct the affected sites, a short-term phase is required. The actual repairing and remodeling is done at this phase. Medium and long term phases are involved in improvement, restoration and refurbishment activities. While developing a system to protect the city from the environment, it is very crucial to concerned with the idea of integrating infrastructure (Memarzadeh and Pozzi 2015). The housing infrastructure must be cost efficient and accessible to general public. The housing societies must have a well connected network of transport systems (Trans-European Transport network 2005).The housing plans also include blast resistant underground shelters. The resilient land zones which are certified to be stable, incorporates an urban design. The Recovery Strategy aims to prioritize investment on infrastructure for supporting Greater Christchurch (Infrastructure 2004). Research Methodology The Christchurch case was covered by a newspaper, which was reported to be critically affected by the earthquakes in the year of 2010 and 2011 (Branley and Lloyd 2005). The recovery and redevelopment process is still going on. So the role of BBB may be instrumental in reduction of risk of the future generations. The Build Back Better strategy can be used as an initiative in other countries, in the event of a disaster. A design of mix method can be used to substantiate our research findings. The method of mix can be carried out for conducting the key official interviews from the Christchurch case study. The interviews with Earth Recovery Authority and the city councils were conclusive and were justifiable in accordance with the related literature. The direct involvement of the interviewee in the post disaster crisis is crucial for the interview subject. It helps the researcher to understand the ground realities and plan the recovery process efficiently and effectively. It took one hour to complete each semi-structured process of interview. So minute attention was devoted to plan and improvise intricate details of the whole process. The data for the conducted interviews are provided below. Table 1: Case study data collection Research trip Interviewee Description Research trip 1 April 2014May 2014 P1 Visits and Relations Advisor, CERA P2 Structural Engineer, CERA P3 Manager, Utilities and Roading, Waimakariri District Council P4 Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council Research trip August 2015 P5 General Manager, Constructions, CERA P6 Chief Advisor, Insurance, CERA P7 General Manager, Community Resilience, CERA P8 Former Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council P9 Manager, Central City Development, CERA P10 Senior Advisor, Communication Central City Rebuild, CERA P11 Service Centre Manger, Waimakariri District Council P12 Earthquake Support Service, Waimakariri District Council P13 Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council P14 Utility Manager, Waimakariri District Council P15 Visits and Relations Advisor, CERA P16 Head, Strategy and Planning Group, Christchurch City Council References Branley, F. and Lloyd, M. (2005).Earthquakes. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers. Control monitoring range launched for use with pumping stations. (2003).World Pumps, 2003(444), p.11. Infrastructure. (2004). London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Jones, C. (2005).Framework. Madrid: Santillana. Koh, R. (2012).Residences. Singapore: Page One. Memarzadeh, M. and Pozzi, M. (2015). Integrated Inspection Scheduling and Maintenance Planning for Infrastructure Systems.Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 31(6), pp.403-415. Hamada, M. (n.d.).Engineering for earthquake disaster mitigation. Momani, N. (2011). Integrated framework for earthquake consequences management.Disaster Prevention and Management, 20(3), pp.314-333. Mortensen, C. (1998).Speeding earthquake disaster relief. Menlo Park, CA: U.S. Geological Survey. Singh, S. (2008).Disaster management. New Delhi: A P H Publishing Phillips, R. and Freeman, R. (2010).Stakeholders. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Scott, M. (2003).Speeding in residential areas. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association. Trans-European Transport network. (2005). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Twort, A., Ratnayaka, D. and Brandt, M. (2006).Water supply. Oxford [England]: Butterworth-Heinemann. Wilson, J. (2004).Strategic partners. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.

Crisis and Disaster Management Build Back Better

Question: Discuss about the case study Crisis and Disaster Management for Build Back Better. Answer: Introduction to BBB The Build Back Better policy is one of the most important as well as useful aspect for an organization in order to improve their business and profits. The motto of Build Back Better was accepted more officially when the BBB guidelines were created in the year of 2006 by Clinton. The guidelines were created after the mishap of South Asian tsunami in the year of 2004 occurred. The main purpose of this policy or strategy is to secure the organization from threats such as the environment, production and many others. Clinton used the Key Propositions for BBB as the primary authorized document over the subject. In context of reconstruction as well as recovery, the concept of BBB is the accepted standard for conducting the procedure. Some of the examples are mentioned below to make it clear that how integral the BBB policy is: United Nations Disaster Relief Organization(UNDRO) has a guideline of Principles for Settlement and Shelter. Reconstruction strategy, as well as Post Tsunami Recovery measures undertaken by the government of Sri Lanka, is an example of implementations of Build Back Better. To rebuild the future planet, free from problems that current generations suffer from, Federal Emergency Management Agencys operational framework can be used. Mondays Holistic Recovery Framework is an ideal framework providing implementation and strategic details of Build Back Better policy. Recovery and Reconstruction Framework of Victorian Bushfire Recovery and Reconstruction Authority provide specific details on real time integration of BBB strategies. Christchurch Earthquake Recovery Authoritys Response and Repair strategies are direct measures that embark on the strategy of BBB. The concept of creating the better framework for BBB policy, we evaluate and discuss the situation thorough case studies of multinational dimensions. Figure 2 illustrates the concept of BBB. The central concepts mentioned in the BBB framework, are of the recovery of the community, risk management, and reduction, after the occurrence of a major disaster. One important aspect of Build Back Better policy is focuses on proper implantation of the strategy. As figure 1 show, the restoration of the community is further subdivided into social and economic recoverable strategies. Community support and involvement are the primary focus for Social recovery which is illustrated as on Table 1. The act of Encouragement, education, and engagement of communities are the primary equipment and tools proposed to help communities to deal with overcoming the trauma of environmental disasters. Greater Christchurch Earthquake(2010-2011) In 2010 and 2011, two major earthquakes struck Christchurch. The first referred to as The Darfield Quake, struck the suburb of Darfield with a magnitude of 7.1 on the Richter scale. The earthquake occurred on the 4th September, 2010 with a considerable aftershock of magnitude 6.3 again on the 22nd of February the same year. The reports of Liquefaction became more extensive in the eastern parts of the city. The reports intensified after the occurrence of the second earthquake, which had affected huge parts of residential areas (Scott 2003). The estimated losses were in the range of 40 billion New Zealand Dollars which is approximately around 19 percent of New Zealands total GDP. Almost three fourth of all households in the area were destroyed beyond recognition. The major infrastructural buildings like healthcare, financial, educational, and historical buildings also bore the full brunt of the impact of the quake. In the central business district, nearly forty-seven percent of the bui ldings were declared unsafe and unfit. Nearly 627 buildings were earmarked for Demolition and finally destroyed. The authorities estimated the repairing and refurbishment costs of residences to be around NZ $13 billion. The disintegration of the Canterbury TV building and Pyne Gould Corp. building raised the death toll by 115 and 18 persons respectively. 28 people were reported to be killed in the central city alone. Eight people in a public bus were killed. The total death toll rose to 128 persons with several persons missing. The district of Waimakariri, in Christchurch, along with eastern suburb of the city, was in ruins after the Earthquakes. The eventual aftershocks caused the effects of liquefaction to be intensified. Liquefaction spread laterally in the adjoining areas. Nearly twelve hundred houses in Pines Beach were badly damaged. The authorities had earmarked almost 1048 houses for demolition. Some areas were permanently marked to be unsafe for rebuilding (Koh 2012). The earthquake had disrupted the normal flow of life. The damaged infrastructural facilities of the town took the entire systems down and prevented quick response from authorities. Many small and large business houses suffered huge losses to their businesses as there was shortage of raw materials. The infrastructure of the town including a total of 16 km of roads, 16 bridge approaches, and two walkway footbridges were badly damaged beyond repair. The damaged roads prevented goods trucks from plying on the roads and the retail chain su ffered. The potable water supply systems of Waimakariri was gravely disturbed and damaged. The damage amounted to a loss of 12 km of mainline water supply, ten kilometers of storm water drainage and three major water pumping stations (Twort, Ratnayaka and Brandt 2006). The damage also included 18 km of sewage gravity separators, and a total of 15 sewer pipe systems (Control monitoring range launched for use with pumping stations 2003). The creation of the regulatory body CERA was a result of the vastness in the scale of the disaster. CERA was ultimately given the task of managing Recovery and repairing activities in the Greater Christchurch areas. CERA was tasked with reporting to the Central New Zealand Government (Singh 2008). By the time of 31st March 2016, The Earthquake Commission had repaired 67,468 residential house repairs. The community buildings and historic architectures were greatly affected by the aftershocks. Brick and mortar masonry buildings suffered chimney collapses while residences with timber wood frames stayed upright. The falling of rocks and ground liquefaction resulted in limited land use over potentially dangerous lands in the greater Christchurch areas. Rebuild Framework The BBB framework dedicates its efforts to regenerate the economy of the disaster affected communities (Jones 2005). They do this by providing business support, commercial support to rebuild the local economy of the affected regions (Momani, 2011). The recovery principles regarding the Christchurch earthquake The Christchurch Earthquake Recovery principles contain the fact of guidance for the recovery of Canterbury. The strategic partners and community were developed in consultation to recover from the problems (Wilson 2004). It also provides the direction, confidence, and coordination in the case of the recovery effort (Tracy 2014). The Recovery Strategy has provided the government and the stakeholders with credible blue prints where the development plan is integrate the natural environment, economic recovery, cultural recovery. The Recovery Strategy has integrated the leadership and quality deliverance of the projects in a time bound manner (Phillips and Freeman 2010). The CERA Recovery Strategy aims to restore Christchurch to its former glory. The framework by CERA is very crucial for providing the future generations with an ideal disaster proof foundation. It places the prime focus on community recovery. It diverts its attentions to identify the company risks, environmental hazards, l and zoning and lastly housing problems (Mortensen 1998). The recovery report can be divided into three components by CERA. The first stage comprises repair and formulation of the entire action plan. To rebuild, replace as well as reconstruct the affected sites, a short-term phase is required. The actual repairing and remodeling is done at this phase. Medium and long term phases are involved in improvement, restoration and refurbishment activities. While developing a system to protect the city from the environment, it is very crucial to concerned with the idea of integrating infrastructure (Memarzadeh and Pozzi 2015). The housing infrastructure must be cost efficient and accessible to general public. The housing societies must have a well connected network of transport systems (Trans-European Transport network 2005).The housing plans also include blast resistant underground shelters. The resilient land zones which are certified to be stable, incorporates an urban design. The Recovery Strategy aims to prioritize investment on infrastructure for supporting Greater Christchurch (Infrastructure 2004). Research Methodology The Christchurch case was covered by a newspaper, which was reported to be critically affected by the earthquakes in the year of 2010 and 2011 (Branley and Lloyd 2005). The recovery and redevelopment process is still going on. So the role of BBB may be instrumental in reduction of risk of the future generations. The Build Back Better strategy can be used as an initiative in other countries, in the event of a disaster. A design of mix method can be used to substantiate our research findings. The method of mix can be carried out for conducting the key official interviews from the Christchurch case study. The interviews with Earth Recovery Authority and the city councils were conclusive and were justifiable in accordance with the related literature. The direct involvement of the interviewee in the post disaster crisis is crucial for the interview subject. It helps the researcher to understand the ground realities and plan the recovery process efficiently and effectively. It took one hour to complete each semi-structured process of interview. So minute attention was devoted to plan and improvise intricate details of the whole process. The data for the conducted interviews are provided below. Table 1: Case study data collection Research trip Interviewee Description Research trip 1 April 2014May 2014 P1 Visits and Relations Advisor, CERA P2 Structural Engineer, CERA P3 Manager, Utilities and Roading, Waimakariri District Council P4 Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council Research trip August 2015 P5 General Manager, Constructions, CERA P6 Chief Advisor, Insurance, CERA P7 General Manager, Community Resilience, CERA P8 Former Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council P9 Manager, Central City Development, CERA P10 Senior Advisor, Communication Central City Rebuild, CERA P11 Service Centre Manger, Waimakariri District Council P12 Earthquake Support Service, Waimakariri District Council P13 Recovery Manager, Waimakariri District Council P14 Utility Manager, Waimakariri District Council P15 Visits and Relations Advisor, CERA P16 Head, Strategy and Planning Group, Christchurch City Council References Branley, F. and Lloyd, M. (2005).Earthquakes. 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