African American History and Women Timeline 1920-1929

African American History and Women Timeline 1920-1929 The Harlem Renaissance: also called the New Negro Movement, a blossoming of arts, culture, and social action in the African American community all through the 1920s 1920 19th Amendment to the US Constitution became law, but practically this did not give the vote to Southern African American women, who, like African American men, were largely prevented by other legal and extra-legal measures from exercising the voteMamie Smith and Her Jazz Hounds recorded the first blues record, which sold more than 75,000 copies in its first monthNational League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes shortens its name to National Urban LeagueKaty Ferguson Home founded, named for 19th century African American educatorUniversal African Black Cross Nurses founded, for public education, by the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) led by Marcus GarveyZeta Phi Beta Sorority founded at Howard University, Washington, DCSadie Tanner Mossell Alexander received a Ph.D, the first African American woman to do so.  Eva B. Dykes (Radcliffe) and Georgiana R. Simpson (University of Chicago) follow.(October 12) Alice Childress born (writer) 1921 Bessie Coleman became the first African American woman to earn a pilots licenseAlice Paul reversed an invitation to Mary Burnett Talbert of the NAACP to speak to the National Womans Party, asserting that the NAACP supported racial equality and did not address gender equality(September 14) Constance Baker Motley born (lawyer, activist) 1922 Lucy Diggs Stowe became Howard Universitys Dean of WomenAnti-lynching bill passes United States House, fails in the United States SenateUnited Negro Improvement Association appointed Henrietta Vinton Davis as Fourth Assistant President, responding to criticism by women members of gender discrimination(August 14) Rebecca Cole died (second African American woman to graduate from medical school, worked with Elizabeth Blackwell in New York) 1923 Bessie Smith recorded Down Hearted Blues, signing a contract with Columbia to make race records, and helping rescue Columbia from imminent failureGertrude Ma Rainey recorded her first record(September) Cotton Club opened in Harlem - women entertainers were subjected to the paper bag test: only those whose skin color was lighter than a brown paper bag were hired(October 15) Mary Burnett Talbert died (activist: anti-lynching, civil rights; nurse; NAACP director, president of the National Association of Colored Women 1916-1921)(November 9) Alice Coachman born (first African American woman to win an Olympic gold medal ((London, high jump)), National Track and Field Hall of Fame)(November 9) Dorothy Dandridge born (actress, singer, dancer) 1924 Mary Montgomery Booze became the first African American woman elected to the Republican National CommitteeElizabeth Ross Hayes became the first African American woman board member of the YWCA(March 13) Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin died (journalist, activist, lecturer)(March 27) Sarah Vaughan born (singer)(May 31) Patricia Roberts Harris born (lawyer, politician, diplomat)(August 29) Dinah Washington (Ruth Lee Jones) born (singer)(October 27) Ruby Dee born (actress, playwright, activist)(November 30) Shirley Chisholm born (social worker, politician; first African American woman to serve in the US Congress)(December 7) Willie B. Barrow born (minister, civil rights activist)1924-1928 Mary McLeod Bethune served as president of the National Association of Colored Womens Clubs (NACWC) 1925 Founding of the Hesperus Club of Harlem, the first womens auxiliary of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car PortersBessie Smith and Louis Armstrong recorded St. Louis BluesJosephine Baker performed in Paris at La Revue Negro(June 4) Mary Murray Washington died (educator, founder of the Tuskegee Womans Club, wife of Booker T. Washington) 1926 First Negro History Week promoted by Carter G. WoodsonYWCA adopted an interracial charterAfrican American women were beaten in Birmingham, Alabama, for attempting to register to votePublication of Hallie Browns  Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction, profiles of notable African American womenViolette N. Anderson became the first African American woman attorney to present a case before the U.S. Supreme CourtBessie Coleman died (pilot) 1927 Minnie Buckingham was appointed to fill her husbands remaining term in the West Virginia state legislatureSelena Sloan Butler founded the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers, focusing on segregated colored schools in the South (merged with PTA in 1970)Mary White Ovington published Portraits in Color, biographies of African American leadersFuneral for actress Florence Mills drew more than 150,000 in HarlemNella Larsens novel, Quicksand, publishedJosephine Baker played in La Sirene des tropiquesTuskegee established a womens track teamCoretta Scott King born (activist, singer)(February 10) Leontyne Price born (singer)(April 25) Althea Gibson born (tennis athlete, first African American to play in American Lawn Tennis Association championship, first African American to win at Wimbledon) 1928 Publication of An Autumn Love Cycle by Georgia Douglas Johnson(April 4) Maya Angelou born 1929 Regina Anderson helped found Harlems Negro Experimental TheaterAugusta Savage won Rosenwald grant for Gamin and used the funds to study in EuropeBessie Smith recorded Nobody Knows You When Youre Down and Out(May 16) Betty Carter born (jazz singer)(October) stock market crash, a sign of the oncoming Great Depression, where African Americans, including women, were usually the last hired, first fired(1929-1934) Maggie Lena Walker chaired Consolidated Bank and Trust, which she created by merging several Richmond, Virginia, banks

Books on French History

Books on French History This page indexes onsite bibliographic information about French history. General Histories The best one-volume books, plus a bonus for people wanting one book on recent events. A Concise History of France by Roger Price: Part of the Cambridge Concise Histories series, (and so linked to another book on this list), this text is a middle length run through of a fascinating but at times complicated history. The third edition has an extra chapter on very modern France.The Cambridge Illustrated History of France by Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie and Colin Jones: This is a great one-book summary of France’s history, with a broad range and plenty of visual stimuli.The History of Modern France: From The Revolution to the Present Day by Jonathan Fenby: French history in the post-Napoleonic era is no less interesting than the time before. It is good for the European Union and precursors as well as France. The Best Books Want to start reading about French history, but aren’t sure where to start? We’ve broken down the best books we’ve run on French history and divided them into three lists; we’ve also paid attention to covering as much ground as possible. Pre-Revolutionary France: Top 10France evolved around the turn of the first millennium, but this list goes back to the decline of the Romans to fill in all the eras. Wars against England, wars over religion, and the (possible) apogee of absolutism. The French Revolution: Top 10Probably the turning point around which modern European history revolved, The French Revolution began in 1789, changing both France, the continent and then the world. These ten books include one of my favorite ever history books. Post-Revolutionary France: Top 10French history didn’t end with the defeat of Napoleon, and there’s plenty to look for in the last two hundred years if you want fascinating events and interesting characters. Reviews and Summaries Check out this list of product summaries, that highlight the pros and cons of some stand-out books on French history. The list provides a brief review and lists supplementary detail; many entries also link to full reviews, including the below.​ Citizens by Simon SchamaThis book is a standout among all history books, not just those about French history. This history of the revolution from the early days to the start of the Directory is no less than fascinating but perhaps too baroque for the younger student.​The French Revolutionary Wars by Gregory Fremont-BarnesThe French Revolutionary Wars often get folded into the Napoleonic Wars, so this book that tackles them alone. is well-appreciated.The Oxford History of the French Revolution by William DoyleIf you want to know what happened in the French Revolution, and why, read this excellent work from Doyle. It’s been through several editions, and this is the best student textbook.